brown vs. board of education Free Essays

Earthy colored versus Leading group of Education Free Essays Earthy colored V. Leading group of Education In the mid 1950’s, racial isolation in government funded schools was typical across America. Albeit all the schools in a given region should be equivalent, most dark schools were far sub-par compared to their white partners. We will compose a custom article test on Earthy colored versus Leading group of Education or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now In Topeka, Kansas, a dark third-grader needed to walk miles just to get to her all dark primary school. Her dad, Oliver Brown, had attempted to enlist her in a white grade school however was cannot. Earthy colored went to McKinley Burnett, the head of Topeka’s part of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and requested assistance. They were anxious to help the Browns since it had since a long time ago needed to challenge isolation government funded schools. Other dark guardians joined Brown, and, in 1951, the NAACP mentioned an order that would disallow the isolation of Topeka’s state funded schools. Earthy colored and the NAACP spoke to the Supreme Court on October 1, 1951 and their case was joined with different cases that tested school isolation in South Carolina, Virginia, and Delaware. Then again, the point of reference of Plessy v. Ferguson permitted separate however equivalent educational systems for blacks and whites, and no Supreme Court had toppled Plessy yet. The Supreme Court initially heard the case on December 9, 1952, however neglected to arrive at a choice. In the reengagement, got notification from December 7-8, 1953, the Court mentioned that the two sides talk about â€Å"the conditions encompassing the appropriation of the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868. † The rearguement shed almost no extra light on the issue. The Court needed to settle on its choice put together not with respect to whether the creators of the Fourteenth Amendment had integrated schools at the top of the priority list when they composed the alteration in 1868, yet dependent on whether integrated schools denied dark offspring of equivalent assurance of the law when the case was chosen, in 1954. In the end the Supreme Court struck down the â€Å"separate however equal† tenet of Plessy for government funded instruction and decided for the offended parties, and required the integration of schools across America. Step by step instructions to refer to Brown versus Leading group of Education, Papers

Security practices not meeting the challenges (info technology) Essay

Security rehearses not meeting the difficulties (information innovation) - Essay Example There is a long queue of self-intrigued interlopers prepared and ready to catch this significant information, and as our dependence on computerized data has developed, so have the dangers. Huge centralizations of information, cell phones, and the need to keep the information helpful has all additional to the weakness of our data innovation. While our data framework has attempted to make our information progressively secure, the dangers of assault and the uncovering of data has gotten always common. Data security is a continuous procedure that can never entirely address the difficulty of the security dangers. Security dangers start from three sources. There are inside dangers from degenerate workers, outside dangers that begin from outer assaults on the framework, and framework disappointment. While direct assaults may bargain the information, framework disappointment can cause lost data or framework shutdown. While building up an arrangement of access control limits assaults, framework disappointments are managed through an arrangement of repetition and review following. These frameworks are available to bargain by direct assault or benevolent workers that training careless safety efforts. The security of a database or system frequently starts with get to control. At the framework level this may mean the utilization of passwords. Passwords are effectively undermined and are frequently shared for the reasons for accommodation. Levels of allowing just important access to a framework or a record have been increasingly useful as information is made accessible just on a need to know premise. Be that as it may, in a quick paced group condition, this may require worker hours that far surpass the sensible estimation of the security. As indicated by Hu, Ferrariolo, and Kuhn, If a solitary consent is erroneously designed, a client will either be incapable in playing out his/her obligations or will be offered access to unintended data and frameworks, which could bring about sabotaging the security stance of the association (36).

Must-Read November New Releases

Must-Read November New Releases Our New Release Index is a fantastically functional way to keep track of your most anticipated new releases. It’s available exclusively to Book Riot Insiders. Subscribe to Book Riot Insiders! Never fear, our contributors are here to topple your November To-Be-Read stacks with their new release recommendations! Whether we’ve read them and can’t wait to see them on the shelves, or we’ve heard tell of their excellence in the book world and have been (not-so) patiently waiting to get our hot little hands on them, these are the new titles we’re watching our libraries and bookstores for this month. What books are you looking forward to in November? Let us know in the comments below! Jaime Herndon The Ocean in My Ears by Meagan Macvie (November 7, Ooligan Press):  A coming-of-age story about a teenage girl has the potential to be incredibly clicheâ€"but when you place it in Alaska, and add in dealing with the death of a beloved grandmother and family stress, finding your way as a teen becomes real. The cover is gorgeous, the writing is sharp and incisive, and the slightly irreverent tone makes this book one I’m really excited about. Besides, it’s set in the 1990s, which makes me nostalgic for my own teenage years, and made it really fun to read. Jamie Canaves They Can’t Kill Us Until They Kill Us by Hanif Willis-Abdurraqib (November 14, Two Dollar Radio):  First off I’d be picking up this book for the cover alone. Second, Willis-Abdurraqib also had me at the title. Discovering it’s a collection of essays written by a poet/critic who uses music and culture to view and discuss our difficult world had me beyond sold. Adiba Jaigirdar The City of Brass by S. A. Chakraborty (November 14, Harper Voyager):  The City of Brass is hands-down the best book I’ve read all year, and definitely the best fantasy I’ve read in a long, long time. Chakraborty has created an intricate world full of magic and djinns, and placed complex characters within it. The book is also rife with politics, manipulation, and a really nuanced look at blood discrimination. I honestly can’t sing enough praises of this amazing book. If you’re a fan of fantasy, The City of Brass is a must-read. Tirzah Price Not Now, Not Ever by Lily Anderson (November 21, Wednesday Books):  Lily Anderson’s first novel,  The Only Thing Worse Than Me is You, is one of the most exuberantly nerdy and hilarious books I’ve ever read, so I am beyond excited for her second novel! It’s a contemporary re-working of The Importance of Being Earnest, about a nerdy, sci-fi-loving girl who flouts her high-achieving family’s expectations to attend an academic summer camp. Be still, my nerdy heart. Elizabeth Allen Artemis by Andy Weir (November 14, Crown):  In the much-anticipated follow-up novel by the author of The Martian, Weir spins an interesting tale that combines both legitimate science and a smidge of fantasy. If you’re looking for The Martian 2.0, this is not that. This is its own thing and was an absolute page-turner. If you want to know what it’d be like to be a female illegal smuggler on a moon city in the future, read about Jazz and the ways in which she fights against corruption in the system. Liberty Hardy Bonfire by Krysten Ritter (November 7, Crown Archetype):  Yes, THAT Krysten Ritter. The actress and producer has written her first novel and HOLY CATS is it good. It’s a solid, well-plotted thriller about an environmental lawyer who begrudgingly returns to her small hometown after ten years for a job. Once there, she quickly discovers the case she’s working on is possibly connected to the disappearance of one of her high school classmates a decade before. It’s a bit like Sharp Objects and The Fever had a baby, complete with buried secrets, mean girls, and mysterious illnesses. If you love Gillian Flynn, Megan Abbott, and/or Robin Wasserman, get it right now! I’m already Jessica Jonesing (sorry not sorry) for another book from Ritter. Kate Scott Radio Free Vermont by Bill McKibben (November 7, Blue Rider Press):  This book checks all my boxes. It’s set in New England. It’s written by a notable environmentalist. It has a distinctly political bent, which at first glance strikes me as that weird place where liberalism and libertarianism meet (totally my beat). I can’t wait to see what Bill McKibben’s cooked up. Susie Dumond Buzz: The Stimulating History of the Sex Toy by Hallie Lieberman (November 7, Pegasus Books):  I mean, it’s the history of sex toys, told by the first person to earn a PhD in the history of sex toys. Isn’t that enough of a selling point? Lieberman takes us from the creation of the first condom in 1560 to today’s changing attitudes toward sexuality, feminism, LGBTQ issues, and more. This one will be a must-read for me. Kate Krug Wonder Valley by Ivy Pachoda (November 7, Ecco):  If La La Land was a little too happy-go-lucky for you, Wonder Valley takes a look at L.A. in a darker way. All of the main characters are somehow linked and the narrative weaves through the past and present to show us their connection. I was initially pulled in by the cult aspect, but I stayed for the naked man running down the freeway…ok, that’s just part of why. Every single backstory is equally interesting and I loved seeing how everyone was connected. Just a warning, there’s a part you’re going to want to skip if cruelty to animals makes you squeamish. Ilana Masad Future Home of the Living God by Louise Erdrich (November 14, Harper):  Louise Erdrich is one of those writers whose descriptions are so vivid and clear, so entirely unapologetic yet deeply evocative and educational to the reader. So basically, how can I not be excited when she’s got what is basically a dystopian novel coming out? In her book, babies are being born as a more primitive version of what we consider human today, and society is falling apart around adoptee Cedar Hawk Songmaker. Cedar also happens to be a few months pregnant, and she goes in search of her birth mother before telling her adoptive parents about the baby. The title is so titillating, tooâ€"I mean, is Cedar the home of this living god?! I can’t wait to find out. Natalya Muncuff A Hope Divided by Alyssa Cole (November 28, Penguin Random House Publisher Services):  Alyssa Cole’s An Extraordinary Union was one of the best books I read this year. The second installment in her  The Loyal League series, A Hope Divided, is an absolute must-read on my list this month. I am eager to read this historical romance that tells the story of a Carolina woman helping the cause and the escaped prisoner who takes shelter in her laboratory, as they fall in love as they are caught in a battle for that love and their lives. Priya Sridhar Whichwood by Tahereh Mafi (November 14th 2017, Dutton Books for Young Readers):  We need more books by WOC, to combat the white savior narratives. I am eager for this story about Laylee, a teenager forced to grow up quickly after her mother dies. Her father is no help, so Laylee has to be the resident adult. She has to earn a living by preparing dead bodies and their souls. When change and old friends arrive, only the best can happen. Aimee Miles Romancing the Werewolf by Gail Carriger (November 6, GAIL CARRIGER LLC):  Set 20 years after the end of Carriger’s Parasol Protectorate quintet, in this novella we finally get to find out what happens to Biffy and Lyall, gay werewolves in her steampunk London. The blurb promises “unexpected babysitting, holiday decorations, and no small amount of pining.” I’m expecting Carriger’s trademark silliness, sweet romance, and a queer HEA for these cuties. Alison Doherty Here We Are Now by Jasmine Warga (November 7 2017, Balzer + Bray):  This young adult novel tells the story of a sixteen-year-old girl who goes on a secret road trip with her estranged rockstar father who she’s meeting for the first time. If that set up doesn’t promise complicated and emotional scenes to unpack, I don’t know what does. Add in a dying grandfather and a mother whos secretive about her past living in Jordan, and this is a book I can’t wait to get my hands on. Rebecca Hussey Why I’m No Longer Talking to White People About Race by Reni Eddo-Lodge (November 7, Bloomsbury Circus):  This book comes out of a blog post by the same title that British journalist Reni Eddo-Lodge wrote in 2014 and that quickly went viral. After she published the post, she found that, in spite of her stated intentions, she was spending a lot of time talking to white people about race and wrote the book as a result. Here, she begins with the blog post and then moves back into British history to tell often-ignored stories of black history and then forward again to analyze the current state of systemic racism through an intersectional lens. Margaret Kingsbury Oathbringer by Brandon Sanderson (November 14, Tor Books):  The third in the epic fantasy Stormlight series, Dalinar is supposed to be featured more prominently, and I can’t wait to find out more about his backstory And of course to see Shallan and Kaladin develop their powers, and to find out more about the Knights Radiant. This is such a fun fantasy series. Sarah Nicolas The November Girl by Lydia Kang:  This book is about a teen girl who is literally a storm. I’m sold on that alone. But that’s it’s coming from Lydia Kang, who is a great writer and wonderful person, sweetens the deal. Kim Ukura Bunk by Kevin Young (November 14, Graywolf Press):  Like a lot of nonfiction, I think the subtitle of this book says it allâ€"this is a book about “the rise of hoaxes, humbug, plagiarists, phonies, post-facts, and fake news.” I’m hoping this book will give me some needed context and history to better understand our current political climate, and perhaps make it seem a little less distressing. Karina Glaser Cicis Journal: The Adventures of a Writer-in-Training by Joris Chamblain, illustrated by Aurelie Neyret (November 7, First Second):  This middle grade graphic novel is a treasure. Composed of two separate but interconnected stories, we meet spunky writer heroine Cici who is curious about everyone around her. Convinced that every situation is a mystery just begging to be solved, Cici drags her friends into boring stakeouts and uncomfortable situations in the quest for truth. This book is filled with beautiful illustrations that bring out the magic of the story. Highly recommended for all middle grade audiences. Kristen McQuinn This Mortal Coil by Emily Suvada (November 7, Simon Pulse):  DNA gene hacking using a girl coder! And plagues! Yes, please. I didnt really need to know anything else before adding this to my TBR. But more details: Catarina “Cat” Argatta is a DNA hacking genius. Her father is a geneticist who may be the best last hope humanity has to eradicate a plague thats decimating them. But he gets kidnapped by a shadowy agency and forced to work for them. Cat learns he was killed, and she has to use her hacking skills to break a code he built into DNA to help find a cure for the plague. I cant wait! Ann Foster The Nine (Thieves of Fate) by Tracy Townsend (November 14, Pyr):  This sounds like a really fresh YA fantasy novel incorporating themes of religion and literature. It’s about a teen girl who winds up, as teens so often do in fantasy, in over her head in a quest/conspiracy with widespread repercussions. I love what I’ve heard about the way religion in this world is based on the scientific method, and the Macguffin of a self-writing book only makes me more intrigued! Tasha Brandstatter Dollars and Sense: How We Misthink Money and How to Spend Smarter by Dan Ariely and Jeff Kreisler (November 7, Harper):  I don’t normally go for books about finance or economics, but Dollars and Sense piqued my interest. Why? It’s not really about money per se, but about psychology. The common money mistakes that Ariely and Kreisler discuss aren’t just limited to household budgets and bills, they have wide-ranging implications for how we live our lives and feel about the things we spend money on (the chapter on overvaluing what we have reminded me in particular of Marie Kondo’s The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up). Plus, this book is surprisingly entertainingâ€"I laughed out loud several times during the introduction alone. If you’re looking for an illuminating, enjoyable read about how people think about money, and how to get the most out of what you spend, I can’t recommend this book highly enough. Deepali Agarwal Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them by JK Rowling: The Illustrated Edition, illustrated by Olivia Lomenech Gill (November 7, Arthur A. Levine Books):  Just give me all the illustrated books this month. I’ve recently succumbed into buying all (yes, all three of them) the illustrated Harry Potter editions simply because of the very dreamy, attractive cover for Prisoner of Azkaban, and it’s going to be a slippery slope from here on. And this one promises ten different breeds of dragons, so spending my money on it is pretty much non-negotiable.

The Controversial Role of Lobbyists

The role of lobbyists is controversial in American politics. Lobbyists are hired and paid by special-interest groups, companies, nonprofits, groups of citizens, and even school districts to exert influence over elected officials at all levels of government. They work at the federal level by meeting with members of Congress to introduce legislation and encourage them to vote in ways that benefit their clients. Lobbyists work at the local and state levels as well. Debate Over Their Influence What makes lobbyists so unpopular with the public? Their work comes down to money. Most Americans dont have the funds to spend on trying to influence their members of Congress, so they view special interests and their lobbyists as having an unfair advantage in creating policy that benefits them rather than the common good.   Lobbyists, however, say they simply want to make sure your elected officials hear and understand both sides of an issue before making a decision, as one lobbying firm puts it. There are about 9,500 lobbyists registered at the federal level, which means about 18 lobbyists for  every member of the House of Representatives  and  U.S. Senate.  Together they spend more than $3 billion trying to influence members of Congress every year, according to the Center for Responsive Politics in Washington, D.C. Who Can Be a Lobbyist? At the federal level, the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 defines who is and who isn’t a lobbyist. States have their own regulations on lobbyists regarding who is allowed to seek to influence the legislative process in their legislatures. At the federal level, a lobbyist is defined by the law as someone who earns at least $3,000 over three months from lobbying activities, has more than one contact they are seeking to influence, and spends more than 20 percent of their time lobbying for a single client over a three-month period. A lobbyist meets all three of those criteria. Critics say the federal regulations arent strict enough and point out that many well-known former lawmakers perform the functions of lobbyists but dont actually follow the regulations. How Can You Spot a Lobbyist? At the federal level, lobbyists and lobbying firms are required to register with the Secretary of the U.S. Senate and the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives within 45 days of making official contact with the president of the United States, vice president, a member of Congress, or certain federal officials. The list of registered lobbyists is a matter of public record. Lobbyists are required to disclose their activities of trying to persuade officials or influence policy decisions at the federal level. They are required to disclose the issues and legislation they attempted to influence, among other details of their activities. Biggest Lobbying Groups Trade associations and special interests often hire their own lobbyists. Some of the most influential lobbying groups in American politics are those that represent the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the National Association of Realtors, the AARP, and the National Rifle Association. Loopholes in Lobbying Law The Lobbying Disclosure Act has been criticized for containing what some feel is a loophole that allows some lobbyists to avoid having to register with the federal government. For example, a lobbyist who does not work on behalf of a single client for more than 20 percent of their time does not need to register or file disclosures. They would not be considered a lobbyist under the law. The American Bar Association has proposed eliminating the so-called 20 percent rule. Portrayal in the Media Lobbyists have long been painted in a negative light because of their influence over policymakers. In 1869, a newspaper described a Capitol lobbyist this way: â€Å"Winding in and out through the long, devious basement passage, crawling through the corridors, trailing its slimy length from gallery to committee room, at last it lies stretched at full length on the floor of Congress—this dazzling reptile, this huge, scaly serpent of the lobby. The late U.S. Sen. Robert C. Byrd of West Virginia described what he saw as the problem with lobbyists and the practice itself: Special interest groups often wield an influence that is greatly out of proportion to their representation in the general population. This type of lobbying, in other words, is not exactly an equal opportunity activity. One-person, one-vote does not apply when the great body of citizens is under-represented in the halls of Congress compared to the well-financed, highly organized special interest groups, notwithstanding the often plausible objectives of such groups. Lobbying Controversies During the 2012 presidential race, Republican hopeful and former House Speaker Newt Gingrich was accused of lobbying but not registering his activities with the government. Gingrich said he did not fall under the legal definition of a lobbyist, even though he did seek to use his considerable influence to sway policymakers.Former lobbyist Jack Abramoff pleaded guilty in 2006 to charges of mail fraud, tax evasion, and conspiracy in a broad scandal that implicated nearly two dozen people, including former House Majority Leader Tom DeLay. President Barack Obama came under fire for taking what appeared to be contradictory approaches to lobbyists. When Obama took office after winning the 2008 election, he imposed an informal ban on hiring recent lobbyists in his administration. Obama said later: A lot of folks see the amounts of money that are being spent and the special interests that dominate and the lobbyists that always have access, and they say to themselves, maybe I don’t count. Still, lobbyists were frequent visitors to the Obama White House. And many former lobbyists were given jobs in the Obama administration, including Attorney General Eric Holder and Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack. Do Lobbyists Do Any Good? Former President John F. Kennedy described the work of lobbyists in a positive light, saying they are expert technicians capable of examining complex and difficult subjects in clear, understandable fashion. Added Kennedy: â€Å"Because our congressional representation is based upon geographical boundaries, the lobbyists who speak for the various economic, commercial and other functional interests of the country serve a useful purpose and have assumed an important role in the legislative process. Kennedys ringing endorsement is just one voice in the ongoing debate about the perhaps undue influence wrought by monied interests. Its a contentious debate, contentious as democracy itself, since lobbyists play such a central role in the forging of policy and expression of varied groups interests.

The Gladiator Trailer Essay - 1849 Words

In the summer of 2000 a box office hit was released. â€Å"Gladiator† was a brilliant action film set in Ancient Rome, which appealed to over 15s from both genders. The film was hugely successful and raked in over $190,000,000 in the U.S box-office and $434,000,000 worldwide. However the film wouldn’t have been nearly as successful as it was without the help of an exciting and gripping trailer to appeal to the target audience. Trailers are very important in the film industry because it’s the one chance film-makers have to attract their target audience. They try to choose clips which will appeal to their target audience and also makes the film-makers trailer more distinctive by including unique selling points (USPs). In this essay I’m†¦show more content†¦Some examples are white sand on the coliseum floor, gold and brown coliseum walls, and red rose petals falling around Maximus. Without this use of colour change the audience would find it more di fficult to tell that the hero experienced a radical journey from a general to a slave to a gladiator, then a hero. As the trailer begins, slow images combined with Written Words are used to give the target audience time to familiarise themselves with the story of Maximus. For example the first few shots are of Russell Crowe as a general, then a slave, then a gladiator. This makes it clear to the audience who the main character is and helps to set the scene. Then the images start to become faster and more exciting. This is achieved by using rapid cuts which increases the viewer’s excitement. For example the viewer now sees images of sword fights, fierce tigers and overturned chariots. A shot of a chariot overturning and the image of a horse jumping through flames have also been included, but slowed down because they are exciting stunts and the director doesn’t want the audience to miss them. Also by encapsulating a shot of Commodus screaming at his sister the audience c an tell that the film will be dramatic. By making the scenes faster and more violent, the director has gripped the audience so they will go and see the film. Another important element of the trailer is the sound. Throughout the trailer tense, exciting music is played to draw theShow MoreRelatedEssay Analysis of the Gladiator Trailer1467 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of the Gladiator Trailer Trailers are important to films for a number of reasons. They promote a film and present it to the target audience, in order to encourage them to watch the film. Trailers also give the audience expectations of the film. The audience like to know what to expect of a film before they go and see it. The audience is given a taste of the story and the basic plot. This is done by showing an array of clips that are edited to a certain degreeRead MoreComparing Film Trailers of Mission Impossible Two and Gladiator1426 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Film Trailers of Mission Impossible Two and Gladiator In the essay I will compare and analyse the two film trailers I have been studying, ‘Mission Impossible 2’ and ‘Gladiator’. I will analyse and compare the different techniques used. These techniques are; Use of characters, lighting and colour, camera shots and angles, sound and music and editing and framing. In doing this I will be able to show how effective each trailer is in attracting an audience. FilmRead MoreA Comparison of Two Film Trailers: Lord of the Rings Return of the King and The Gladiator1502 Words   |  7 PagesA Comparison of Two Film Trailers: Lord of the Rings Return of the King and The Gladiator In this coursework, I will be comparing two different film trailers, â€Å"Lord of the rings _ the return of the king† and the â€Å"Gladiator†. Film trailers are promos designed by the film industry to attract the viewer’s attention towards a specific film. They are usually compiled of interesting and short clips of the film, usually leaving the viewers with a cliffhanger. This increasesRead MoreAutobilography of Zlatan Ibrahimovic116934 Words   |  468 Pagesis about stuff like that, about how it was possible to turn everything around with a goal or some show thing. You know, there was no movie I loved more back then than Gladiator and there is a scene there, everyone knows it, when the emperor comes down in the arena and asks the gladiator to remove his mask and the gladiator does that and says: My name is Maximus Decimus Meridius †¦ And I will have my vengeance, in this life or the next. That was how I felt, or wanted to feel, I wanted to

Movie Analysis Tootsie - 1772 Words

Ayotunbosun Ogunlade Drama 3030 Tootsie Michael Dorsey is a talented young actor, arrogant, stubborn and is so hard on him self and others that he could no longer find a job in his town after twenty years. After a daytime soap opera audition goes bad, Michael takes on the role of an actress Dorothy Michaels and wins the part of the audition. What was supposed to be a short-term role with the intention to raise the money to star in his roommate’s play turns into an extended contract, but when Michael falls for his cast mate Julie, complications develop that could destroy everything. And Michael eventually realizes that he is a better person as his second character Dorothy Michaels than he was as Michael Dorsey. Michael Dorsey finds it interesting as Dorothy begins to take on an independent life of her own. She is a free woman who seems sort of strange and funny at first glance, but grows on people afterwards as she begins to inspire women with her acting by standing up for what is right. Other complications begin to arise as the men which Dorothy surrounds herself with are beginning to fall in love with her such as Julie’s father and John Van Ron who is also plays the role of doctor in the play. As Michael playing the role of Dorothy he was able to show the power of a male inside a female body, and by doing this had an impact on women who watched the show allowing them to show their inner power and courage to stand up for themselves. Although the movie seemed more like aShow MoreRelatedTootsie1603 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Tootsie† (1982) – Directed by Sydney Pollack Introduction The drama â€Å"Tootsie† is about an unemployed actor – Michael Dorsey who wants to raise fund for his friend’s drama and therefore he decides to work for money. However, as he is serious in acting, directors find him difficult to get along with; therefore, Michael can only cross-dressed to be Dorothy Michaels in order to get a job. In my opinion, the drama presents the idea of gender stereotypes, which shows the idea of biased view on differentRead MoreCompetitor Analysis: Hersheys1180 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Competitor Analysis The Hershey Company (HSY) competes in the Global Candy and Chocolate Manufacturing industry. This highly competitive and consolidated industry which continues to concentrate as a result of merger and acquisition activity is dominated by a few major players. Included amongst these major players are HSY and three notable competitors, Nestle SA, Mondelez International Inc., and Tootsie Roll Industries. Each of these competitors offers unique competitive advantages versus thatRead MoreTootsie Roll Industries, Inc.2586 Words   |  11 PagesTootsie Roll Industries, Inc. Introduction Tootsie Roll Industries is a public traded company; traded on the NYSE. It is noted as the symbol of TR. In the first quarter of 2014, the share price was $28.29 with a range of low price $27.75 and high price of $34.22 for 2013. This shows an approximate range of $6.47. For fiscal year ended December 31, 2013, dividend per share increased from $0.15 to $0.32 with 36.76 (in millions) shares unsettled. (Kesling 2013) T.R. have been involved in the productionRead MoreTootsie Roll Essay4115 Words   |  17 Pagesï » ¿Tootsie Roll, Inc. Sharon Ungar Lane, Bentley College Alan N. Hoffman, Bentley College INTRODUCTION: â€Å"Tootsie Roll’s good fortunes are an accumulation of many small decisions that were probably made right plus bigger key decisions, such as acquisitions, that have been made right, and a lot of luck.† Mel Gordon, CEO – Tootsie Roll, 1993 Tootsie Roll Industries, Inc., a niche candy maker, has often been voted one of Forbes magazine’s â€Å"200 Best Small Companies of America.† A top quality producerRead MoreAccounting 1-4 Chapter100452 Words   |  402 Pagesare probably familiar with—Tootsie Roll. Tootsie Roll’s presentation of its financial results is complete, yet also relatively easy to understand. Tootsie Roll started off humbly in 1896 in a small New York City candy shop owned by an Austrian immigrant, Leo Hirshfield. The candy’s name came from his five-year-old daughter’s nickname—â€Å"Tootsie.† Today the Chicago-based company produces more than 49 million Tootsie Rolls and 16 million Tootsie Pops each day. In fact, Tootsie Pops are at the center ofRead MoreRegal Entertainment Group: Addressing Industry Dependency and Differentiation7165 Words   |  29 Pagescompany of Regal Cinemas, which is made up of Regal Cinemas, the United Artists Theaters, and the Edwards Theater. It runs the largest theater circuit in the U.S., and uses the multiplex cinema model in metropolitan and metropolitan growth areas. The movie theater industry is highly competitive, both within the film entertainment industry (as with Netflix and pirated films) and with substitute goods, such as live performances, restaurants, and sporting events. In addition, industry competitors have anRead MoreFailures of International Mergers and Acquisitions8716 Words   |  35 PagesAcquisitions 6 Problems faced in Cross Border Mergers and Acquisitions 7 Sonys Acquisition of Columbia Pictures 8 Sony 8 Columbia Pictures 9 Analysis: Star Framework 9 Fig: Choice of Entry Mode 15 Failure of the Acquisition 15 Reasons for the Failure 16 Merger between Daimler-Benz and Chrysler Corporation 18 Daimler-Benz 18 Chrysler Corporation 18 Analysis: Star Framework 19 Reasons for the Merger 22 Failure of the Merger 23 Reasons for failure 23 Culture Clash 23 Mismanagement 25 LiteratureRead MoreBuilding a Secure Organization11016 Words   |  45 Pagesof use match the acceptable level of risk for the organization. Computers Are Powerful and Complex Home computers have become storehouses of personal materials. Our computers now contain wedding videos, scanned family photos, music libraries, movie collections, and financial and medical records. Because com 1 www.ncsl.org/programs/lis/cip/priv/breachlaws.htm (October 2, 2008). puters contain such familiar objects, we have forgotten 4 PART | I Overview of System and Network Security: A Comprehensive

Paul Gauguin free essay sample

Paul Gauguin: Vision After the Sermon Paul Gauguin was born to a Journalistic father and a socialistic mother June 7, 1948. As a young child, Gauguins parents decided to start a new life in a new city due to the political climate. Tragedy stole away Gauguins father on their Journey to their new life. Spending a few years in Peru, the city in which his father dreamed of living, Gauguin moved back to France, his birth place. Still young, Gauguin began to pursue excellence in his schooling, learning new things like French. As mandated by his country at the time, Paul had to enter the military. At age seventeen, he decided upon a military career as a merchant marine. After serving for three years, he decided to join the naw in which he remained for another two years. Gauguin finished serving his country in 1871; he decided to move back to Paris obtaining a stock brokering Job. He met a lady in which he found beautiful, and in 1873, marries Mette Sophie Gad, of Danish decent. Multiplying was an easy task for Gauguin and his spouse, the bore 5 children in ten years. Art had always had a special place in Gauguins heart. He would paint and visit galleries often. His mentor was Vincent Van Gough, who taught Paul many things. As Gauguin got older he appreciated artwork more and more, forming friendships with other known artists in 1881, he rented a studio in which he would paint and show artwork. Gauguin wanted to provide for his family, so he decided to move to Copenhagen to pursue stockbroking which would provide financial stability. Feeling lost without his art, he decided to leave his family, his career, and return to Paris to his artwork. Leaving his family meant that they had no source of income, forcing them to take up residence with his wifes family. Gauguin lived longer than two of his own children. Gauguin became a close friend to his mentor Vincent Van Gough, the two spent months painting together. During this time, it became clear that his life was not what he expected, and he became depressed. Depression led to a suicide attempt and he knew that he needed to find a spark to get his life back on track. He was drawn to symbolism, vigor, color, and excitement in artwork. Gauguin was upset because his artwork was not being recognized by his fellow neighbors, so he set sail to escape to a place where his work would be appreciated. Over the years, he presented several pieces of work which were full of ymbolism and exotic views. Toward the end of his life, Gauguin experienced trouble with the law; he was sentenced to three months behind bars. During this time he become sick due to an illness called syphilis and died before he was escorted to prison. At 54 years old, an alcohol and tobacco weakened body was laid to rest in Calvary Cemetery, Polynesia. Throughout his life he became known for his boldness on a canvas, his use ot color and thick line. He stepped out ot the comtort zone ot ni time and created pieces that stood out. Gauguin died an artist. Although Gauguin created many pieces, his accomplishments were post-life. He created work that generations after him would appreciate; he never found fame during his lifetime. The Vision After the Sermon is an oil painting on canvas, 74. 4 x 93. 1 cm. Gauguins stylized painting depicts the scene in which Jacob wrestles an angel. This scene was influenced by a narrative from the Bible. Aside from the wrestle match taking place in the upper right hand area of the painting, the bottom of the painting, wrapping around to the upper left hand side is a crowd of women praying and watching this match. The women are wearing black wardrobes and white headpieces, almost nun- ike figures. Running straight through the middle of the canvas in a diagonal line is a tree, separating Jacob and the angel from a cow. Gauguin represents a noticeable red background color adding to the drama. He uses a typical brown and green for the tree, and black and white colors for the cow and praying women. The painting has mostly flat areas filled with color and outlines by a thick black line. The painting also has a birds eye point-of-view look, objects getting smaller the further away they are. In this painting. Gauguin paints the fgures almost void of color. The story that Gauguin painted was about people having a religious experience. Looking at the picture it is confusing to decipher the meaning because Paul used symbolism and boldness to express the story. He places a large tree trunk diagonally through the canvas which separates physical from a spiritual realm. The struggle taking place is symbolic because it represents the everyday human struggle in life. The angel wants to give Jacob something, but only when he is deserving of it. Yet Jacob wants it right away. The ladies are facing away from the viewer, as if we are excluded from the story in which they are watching unfold. Gauguin constructed a piece that religiously represented nature in a sense that we all struggle. This painting is a point-of-view on many perspectives of the religious story, not necessarily portraying religion. The style in which Paul Gauguin worked is known as Post-Impressionism, nineteenth century France. The subject matter reflected in these paintings include poetic subjects, myths, biblical stories, and French symbolism which he learned while he lived in France. Typically, Gauguin used boldness of line and unrealistic color to express his thoughts as he did in the Vision After the Sermon. In his work, Paul used linear methods and extreme colors to leave a sense of mystery in his creation. Paul Gauguin was not like other artist of his time; he didnt want to create the traditional western naturalistic style. Instead of nature as inspiration, he abstracted figures and created symbols. Gauguins mentor was Vincent Van Gough; Paul stepped away from his mentor to create his own style of art. Obsessed with trying to do something different from his time of artist painting Impressionistic pieces, he made this painting Nision After the Sermon to overturn the theories surrounding Impressionism. The way in which he painted Vision After the Sermon would become known as synthetism at his time by his society. During Gauguins life, he witnessed many historical events like the stock market crash in 1882 that led to his becoming a full- time artist. Only a few years after becoming a full-time artist, Paul conceived the bold painting Vision After the Sermon: Jacob Wrestling With the Angel, in 1888. During Paul Gauguins time, King Louis Philippe rules and the city was in chaos. Horrible living conditions ot poverty and lack ot wealth, unemployment, and protest ontributed to this chaotic status in Paris, France. France was not an exciting place to live during Gauguins time; the king was a tyrant and made the lives of the lower class tough. France was mostly Christian based because the Christians had destroyed the pagan and primitive lifestyle and this led to the various perspective of ideas in the painting. In Paul Gauguin: His Life and Art by John Gould Fletcher the author explains that is Gauguin would have known his future of a life of struggle, hunger, and never becoming famous in his life time, the artist would still have pursued his rtistic career, daring everything, as he strode into the future. Gauguin painted pieces that he knew would take the public some time to accept. Nonetheless, he wanted material comfort, he wanted his artwork to bring him wealth. Although he did not receive materialistic things in life, in death he received a name for himself, and his artwork would be remembered in future generations. The Paul Gauguin Museum in Tahiti is a museum remembering Gauguin for all his accomplishments and achievements. John Gould Fletch also writes Though he never conquered the flesh e remained to the end, and man ertainly the better stone in which to build. Gauguin wrote a letter a few days before death, received after death, he ended his life with these thoughts, l am on the ground but I am not beaten. Gauguin created work that had potential and possibilities, yet he was a problematic individual. He abandoned his family, uprooted himself when he felt that his work was not being appreciated. He was hungry for attention, and he died early due to his obsessive alcohol and to bacco usage. In the Vision After the Sermon, he managed to obtain a strange atmosphere. The colors that he portrayed give the mysterious, unreal feeling that he would rather focus on making something magic-like, than factual. From the standpoint of a viewer, the artist portrayed a personal struggle in front of an audience to watch the action take place. This portrays a Judgmental aspect. For a crowd to surround a struggle of this nature represents interest, mystery in whats going on, and Judgment. Gauguin should have portrayed the struggle in a personal manner, secluded. This artists use of colors attracts an eye, but he is more worried about stranding out.

Beck Depression Inventory free essay sample

Aaron T. Beck, a pioneer in cognitive therapy, designed his first Depression Inventory often known as BDI in 1961. Beck originally developed BDI to detect, assess and monitor changes in depressive symptoms among people in a mental health care setting as well as in a primary care setting (Beck, Ward, Mendel son, Mock, Erbaugh, 1961). In 1996 Beck developed a second version of the inventory (BID-II) to reflect revisions in the Fourth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-IV-TR, a handbook use by mental health professionals to diagnose mental disorders (Beck, 1996). Beck designed BID and the revision of BID-II as a 21 item standard personality multiple-choice questionnaire test that can be administered in ten minutes to groups or individuals within the population of 13 years old and above to evaluate their mental state and measure the severity of their depression (Beck , Steer, Brown, 1996). BDI-II is a self –reported analysis of depressive symptoms, the wording of the BDI-II is clear and to the point. We will write a custom essay sample on Beck Depression Inventory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The instruction for administrating and scoring the BDI-II is clearly stated and easy to follow requiring minimal training on the behalf of the administrator. However, scoring does require a clinical professional to analyze the severity of the depression (Beck, 1996). According to Beck (1996) 8 questions are related to emotional factors and the remaining 13 questions are pertinent to physiological factors. Beck states that â€Å"The emotional scale addresses symptoms like self-hatred, guilt feelings, suicidal wishes, sense of despair, fear of failure, and hopelessness, while the physical scale deals with symptoms like difficulty in concentrating, lack of energy, tendency to cry, sorrowfulness, loss of temper, and absence of appetite† (Beck, 1996). The BID-II is scored by summing the highest rating for each of the 21 item. Each item is then rated on a 4- point scale, ranging from 0 to 3, and the total score range from 0 to 63. The score ranging from 0 to 13 represent â€Å"minimal† depression; total score ranging from 14 to 19 represent â€Å"mild† depression while total scores from 20-28 are â€Å"moderate† and total scores from 29-63 are â€Å"severe† (Beck, 1996). In 1996, Beck provided evidence that the BDI-II possesses adequate evidence of reliability. By measuring two normative clinical population the first test sample population consisted of 500 men and women (n=500) taken from four different outpatient clinic throughout the eastern part of the U. S. The population included; 63% female, and 37% men, with an ethnic make -up of 91% White, 4% African American, and 4% Asian American, and 1% Hispanic. The comparative test was a convenience sample of 120 Canadian college students (n = 120). 6% of the sample were women; described as â€Å"predominantly White†. The average ages of the clinical and student samples were, respectively, 37. 2 (SD = 15. 91; range = 13-86) and 19. 58 (SD = 1. 84) (Beck, 1996). The outpatient clinical population yielded a coefficient alpha of . 92 (n=500) and the coefficient alpha for the college students (n=120) was. 93. According to Beck (1996) both exceeded the coefficient alphas original set for the BDI in 1961. Test-retest reliability was studied using the responses of 26 outpatients who were tested at first and second therapy sessions one week apart. There was a correlation of . 93, which was significant at p . 001 level (Beck, 1996). The major objective of the BDI-II is to have the test and result conform more accurately to the diagnostic criteria listed in the DSM-IV for depression. Items were added, removed and reworded to make the test more specified thus increasing the content validity of the measure. With regard to construct validity, Beck (1996) tested the convergent validity of the BDI-II by administrating the test to college sample of 127 students which yielded a 93% true positive rate and 18% false positive rate (Beck, 1996) and then compared the correlated result with other psychological tests such as the â€Å"Scale for Suicide Ideation (r=. 37 n= 158), the Scale for Suicide Ideation (r = . 37, n = 158), Beck Hopelessness Scale (r =. 68, n =158), Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale for Depression (r=. 71, n = 87) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (r = . 47, n = 87). The BDI-II yielded a correlation of . 93 (p

Free Essays on Jewish History

Movements of Judaism The different sects or denominations of Judaism are generally referred to as movements. The differences between Jewish movements are not nearly as great as the differences between Christian denominations. The differences between Orthodoxy and Reform Judaism are not much greater than the differences between the liberal and fundamentalist wings of the Baptist denomination of Christianity. In general, when I speak of "movements" in this site, I am referring to movements in the United States in the 20th century. Movements in Ancient Times Perhaps the oldest records we have of a formal difference of opinion among Jews dates back to the time of the Maccabean revolt, which is the basis for the story of Chanukkah. At that time, the land of Israel was under the relatively benevolent control of Greece, and was deeply influenced by Greek culture. Hellenizing Jews were opposed by a religious traditionalist group known as the Chasideans (no direct relation to the modern movement known as Chasidism). As the Selucid Greeks began to oppress the Jews, war broke out and the Jewish people united in their opposition to the Greeks. The war continued for 25 years, and the Jewish people remained united in purpose. But after the war ended, the Jewish people became divided into three groups: the Essenes, the Sadducees and the Pharisees. The Essenes were an ascetic and mystical group devoted to strict discipline. They lived in isolation from the world. The Dead Sea Scrolls are believed to be the product of an Essene sect. Some scholars believe that early Christianity was influenced by the mystical and hermetical teachings of the Essenes. The Sadducees evolved out of the Hellenistic elements of Judaism. The movement was made up of the priests and the aristocrats of Jewish society. They were religiously conservative but socially liberal. The Sadducees believed in a strict, narrow and unchanging interpretation of the w... Free Essays on Jewish History Free Essays on Jewish History Movements of Judaism The different sects or denominations of Judaism are generally referred to as movements. The differences between Jewish movements are not nearly as great as the differences between Christian denominations. The differences between Orthodoxy and Reform Judaism are not much greater than the differences between the liberal and fundamentalist wings of the Baptist denomination of Christianity. In general, when I speak of "movements" in this site, I am referring to movements in the United States in the 20th century. Movements in Ancient Times Perhaps the oldest records we have of a formal difference of opinion among Jews dates back to the time of the Maccabean revolt, which is the basis for the story of Chanukkah. At that time, the land of Israel was under the relatively benevolent control of Greece, and was deeply influenced by Greek culture. Hellenizing Jews were opposed by a religious traditionalist group known as the Chasideans (no direct relation to the modern movement known as Chasidism). As the Selucid Greeks began to oppress the Jews, war broke out and the Jewish people united in their opposition to the Greeks. The war continued for 25 years, and the Jewish people remained united in purpose. But after the war ended, the Jewish people became divided into three groups: the Essenes, the Sadducees and the Pharisees. The Essenes were an ascetic and mystical group devoted to strict discipline. They lived in isolation from the world. The Dead Sea Scrolls are believed to be the product of an Essene sect. Some scholars believe that early Christianity was influenced by the mystical and hermetical teachings of the Essenes. The Sadducees evolved out of the Hellenistic elements of Judaism. The movement was made up of the priests and the aristocrats of Jewish society. They were religiously conservative but socially liberal. The Sadducees believed in a strict, narrow and unchanging interpretation of the w... Free Essays on Jewish History Brief Look at Jewish History The Jews are a people with a multitude of dilemmas. From the Israelite tribes to the prosperous modern day Israel , bigotry towards the Jews has been greatly evident. The Jewish race has acted as Escape Goat for many crisis throughout history including the black plaque which swept across Europe in the 14th century. The establishment of Israel was a great incident was something the Jewish people were striving to obtain for generations. This, however, led to four major conflicts between Israel and the Arab countries. One of the most meaningful wars was the Six-Day War. Events such as the holocaust have also had a dramatic effect on world history and whose mysteries are still being unravelled. For twelve years following 1933 the Jews were persecuted by the Nazi's. Jewish businesses were boycotted and vandalized. By 1939,Jews were no longer citizens,could not attend public schools,engage in practically any business or profession, own any land, associate with any non-Jew or visit public places such as parks and museums. The victories of the German armies in the early years of World War II brought the majority of European Jewry under the Nazis. The Jews were deprived of human rights. The Jewish people were forced to live in Ghetto's which were separated from the main city. Hitler's plan of genocide was carried out with efficiency. The total number of Jews exterminated has been calculated at around 5,750,000. In Warsaw ,where approximately 400,000 Jews had once been concentrated,was reduced to a population of 60,000. They, virtually unarmed, resisted the German deportation order and had held back the regular German troops equipped with flame throwers,armoured cards, and tanks for nearly a month. This heroism was similar to the revolt which took place around 165BC. This uprising was led by the Maccabees, a provincial priestly family (also called Hasmo...

Marketing case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Marketing case - Essay Example But staying in good relation with the wholesale distributors became difficult because they thought that their customer base would be encroached by the potential new retailers. There can be many possible ways in which the manager can respond to this situation. Several companies have to handle channel conflicts when they are dealing in a hybrid or multi channel distribution system. Crafton is experiencing â€Å"external channel conflict† in the given scenario. It can be handled in various ways. Firstly, Crafton can arrange some business planning meeting in which the company can clarify it to them that they are an important part of their distribution channel and cannot be neglected in any way. The company can also use motivation strategies to instil a sense of responsibility towards the company (Linton, n.d.), as the wholesalers have been in business relation with Crafton for a very long period of time and they cannot just quit. Aligning pricing strategy is another solution for this channel conflict. This can guarantee the wholesalers that their share of the profit is not siphoned to the retailers. The wholesalers would have a clear idea of what proportions of the profit margins are theirs and what is going to the retailers. Crafton has to make clever decisions in this strategy because the company cannot afford to lose any of its own profits or any of the distribution channels’. Crafton can do this by formulating a consistent pricing and discount strategy. The prices must be reflective of service, availability of the product and the costs. Prices should only be set by the supplier. Creating monthly, quarterly and annual business plans would enable the wholesalers and the retailer to fulfil certain criteria on these entire bases. This would allow the company to give retailers and wholesalers some targets to be achieved till a certain point in time, for

BP Oil Disaster in the Gulf of Mexico Case Study - 8

BP Oil Disaster in the Gulf of Mexico - Case Study Example Ethical issues, in this case, identifiable include failure for other companies to learn from earlier case scenarios like the ExxonMobil case, and construct great preventive policies to avoid future spills. The people who have worked in this industry for 30, 40 years have a great role to play to avoid other leakages. Unfortunately, this has not been the case. In addition, companies should put preventive measures such that when such leakages happen, they do have massive effects on the natural system. The wells could as well be placed elsewhere other than in the deep waters. In fact, the size of the spillage does not matter, but what is of concern is where they happen and when they happen. The oil pipes should not be constructed in areas that in the event of a leakage, massive damage occurs. For instance, the BP Oil Disaster happened in a very vulnerable area and at a time when there are too many winds blowing it. In fact, the greatest issue, in this case, is the detrimental effect that this oil spill is going to have on the economy and ecology of the country. According to Geoffrey (2010), there are fears that the massive oil slick will have appalling effects on wildlife and birds along the Louisiana Coast and it could ruin one of the world’s fisheries, besides that it could also ruin vital wetlands. America’s Gulf State reputation is also under universal excoriation. The slow response to this catastrophe could cause diverse effects on the company, operating on the belief that such a disaster could never happen shows a lack of professionalism. This case of arrogance and neglect saw measures not being laid down. The characters thus operated on the principles of assumptions, and lack seriousness from all fronts. Victims and other groups have sharply accused the company of lacking preventive and more strict measures for disasters and taking the issue for granted at the initial stages of the disaster. In fact, accusations are coming from all level, including from President Obama to local people.  

Tesco Change Management Strategy

Tesco Change Management Strategy Tesco is the UKs most successful and high profile supermarket and one of the worlds leading international retailers. Tesco was founded by Jack Cohen at east London in 1919. The name came about after Jack Cohen bought a shipment of tea from T.S. Stockwell. He made new labels using the first three letters of the suppliers name (TES), and the first two letters of his surname (CO), forming the word TESCO (tesco.com). Tesco is the market leader of the supermarket industry in UK with revenue of  £38.558 billion including VAT and  £62.537 billion of revenue worldwide in 2010 (tescoplc.com). Even in this recession Tesco has made an incredible  £3.4 billion profit worldwide this year (guardian.co.uk). 1.2: Mission statement: To create value for customers to earn their life time loyalty (Please see appendix no 1 for full details). 1.3: Objectives: The objectives of the strategy are: To be a successful international retailer To grow the core UK business To be as strong in non-food as in food. To develop retailing services such as Tesco Personal Finance, Telecoms and Tesco.com To put community at the heart of what we do (Tesco.com). 1.4 Performance: Tesco has highly market growth among all supermarket giants since it is performing. It has highest number of store across UK .It is also providing service in Europe , Asia and initial market in the U.S .A by the name of Fresh and Easy as it is third largest supermarket in the world (Tesco.com). 2. Introduction: Strategic change management can be defined as the art and science of formulating, implementing and cross-functional decisions that enable an organisation to achieve its objectives. Strategic change management is design for marketers to understand their current position in the market to divert its actions for future benefits. It brings the idea of management, operational, financial and all other forms of action need to change for future benefits in the long run. 2.1 The action of Strategic change Management: Adapting the strategic change management is a significant element of exploiting and creating new and different opportunities for tomorrow. It magnifies and implements its operational actions in the long run to achieve target. To survive, all organisations must astutely identify and adapt to change. The strategic management process is aimed to allowing organisation to adapt effectively over long period of time. 2.2 Contribution by gurus: Peter Drucker (1969): Coined the phrase age of discontinuity to describe the way change forces disruption into continuity of our lives. We are now in an age of discontinuity and extrapolating from the past is hopefully ineffective. The information is needed for the performance of service operation is rely on the perspective is operational managers require finer obtained information than is needed as part some corporate diagnostic. According to peter drucker Two problem arise from strong corporate reporting, first, policy and political goal can down played, and second, the focus can easily become concentrated on organisational effectiveness at the expences of community needs analysis. He argued downside of the organisational information system was that management focus inevitably became drown to internal system (Longo and Cristofoli, 2007). Change is essential and compulsory in order to ignore the discontinuity of our life. AC 4: Examining the need for strategic change in Tesco: An organisation needs to change in order to meet the following condition. To remain competitive in their respective market. To ensure that they can adapt to change in order to meet ever changing environment circumstances. To remain focused in order to plan their future. Changes respectively occur on the basis of its objectives and competitiveness. The relative importance of change is to identify what market is needed for and to enable them by supplying the essentials. Tesco has made its significant strategic change on growing market particularly in the UK. Tesco has a well-established and consistent strategy for growth, which has allowed themselves to strengthen their core UK business and drive expansion into new markets. Tesco is a giant supermarket it has remained highly competitive in the market because of its market growth by adapting to the need for change. Corporate strategy: Examination of the current and anticipated factors associated with customers and competitors envision a new or effective role for the firm in a creative manner for organization. Tesco corporate Change: Tesco had undergone some strategic change in the respect of till set up. They introduced self service till in order to remain competitive and satisfied customer requirements. There is a need to implement such a change for Tesco to remain the leader in the retail industry. 3.2 What is change management? A structured approach to transition individuals teams and organisations from a current state to a desired future status. A systematic approach of dealing with change both from a prospective of an organisation and on the individual level. Including: Adapting to change, controlling change and effecting change. [AC: 4] Assess the factors that are driving the need for strategic change: Change is often necessary because of external and internal development and external factors. Theory: Micro environment influences the organization directly. It includes suppliers that deal directly or indirectly, consumers and customers, and other local stakeholders. Macro environment includes all factors that can influence an organization, but that are out of their direct control. A company does not generally influence any laws. It is continuously changing, and the company needs to be flexible to adapt (www.blurtit.com). The general environment and the task environment PESTEL analysis: A PESTLE analysis for Tesco must consider all the important external factors impacting on the company. These factors may have political, economic, sociological, technological, legal or environmental dimensions. Tescos operations obviously have a significant environmental impact, from fossil fuel use to packaging issues. Reducing the demand on the planet is a challenge for any big company. A PESTLE Analysis for Tesco must look at all the six factors we have mentioned. Here they are again, with examples of each: Political: The increase numbers of political instability can affect the business by the Democratic government, political legislation. Economic: rate of inflation, interest rate, competition demand, employment level, income level Sociological: population demographics ,Lifestle, pattern of social interection, Religion, Believes, Norms Technological: Level of skilled Manpower, Transportation. legal: Employment laws, Consumers protection laws, investments laws and Health Safety laws (Class lecture). Environmental: climate change is affecting supply and transport, how can Tesco adapt External change triggers: Tesco has been able to place itself as a fastest and highly growing market in the world. As a worldwide business Tesco have great concern of global warming. As a result of this they have put important roles for climate change by becoming 0% carbon business by 2050, reducing 30% emissions of products they sell by 2020. Health awareness is a significant issue Tesco is introducing for their consumers by providing better information on nutrition to improve health. They make healthy options more accessible by providing price and promotions, healthy ranges and reformulating products. They are also responsible of selling alcohol. Tesco working constructively and developing strategy for demographic change on among all races. Near or task environment: Cover all the stakeholders who can influence and be influenced by organisations direct actions. Tesco has local buying strategy in every region dedicated to local market on demand of many consumer want to boost up their domestic economy. Tesco has segmented the suppliers for their products with 4000 local and national suppliers. Although Tesco appearing one of the super market giant in the UK yet it has got some main rivals which are Sainsburys, ASDA, Morrisons and Co operative. Tesco has established own bank by the name of Tesco bank. Internal change triggers: Technology: Tesco made a drastic change in their customer service sector by introducing self service till in order to reduce the queue in the line Outlets: Tesco operates 4500 stores in 14 markets with a substantial food and non food offering. Also they have fast growing retailers services arm (including dot com, finances and telecoms).As they have their internal sources tell them every day and week by exit and telephone survey with customer to understand them how they are benchmarking against their key competitors. As Tesco involved the qualified people to run its operations therefore there is no senior management dissatisfaction with the status quo has still arrived. To avoid the employee management conflict Tesco established an Internal support and recognition programme for their employee (Tescoplc.com). The systems approach: Technology To be competitive in the market retain consumer revisited and win their lifetime loyalty Tesco introduced Customer relationship programme named (CRM) Clubcard in mid of the 1990s. A modern technology of self serving Till has bought Tesco a successful operation in its management. People Tesco has 472,000 employees serving millions of customer every day. Management Tesco is well structured and its Strategic management is PESTLE analysis, Porters 5 forces analysis, Critical success factors, SWOT analysis, Value chain analysis (ivoryresearch.com). The change agent: A group of people work under the board of Tesco for its internal and external change. They also follow Alton Mayo theory as a process of change. Goal- To retain customer lifetime loyalty. Role Strategic management. Communication- Alton Mayo theory Tesco has come through several changes in internal and external which have held its highly competitive market place among all rivals. [AC: 5] AC 6: Assess the resource implications of the organisation not responding to the strategic change: Resource implication is a tool of company which is used to identify the strategic management available to company. A fundamental principle element is based on maximising potential advantages (Hitt, M. A. et. al. 2001). Tesco as one of the high profile supermarket ha it resources is very rich. It has 472,000 Human resources, Technological resource for online shopping, Tesco financial resources, Thousands of Lorries for transportation, Tesco recycling points located in every Tesco Extra shop for recycle, Tesco Fuel. Tesco as a giant supermarket has its resources very rich. It has potentially identified its resource implication and applied them according to the development stage. According to the company policy it has segmented the resources in three sections which have been discussed below. Human resource of Tesco: Tesco has very good practice of Human resource management. The practice includes: Interviewing: Tesco has highly trained staff and managers for taking interview of applicants according to the level of employment. Training and Development: People realise more committed and involved themselves with Tesco when they know they can grow in the company. Tesco has the strategy of recruiting local people to understand the culture and tradition. They get benefited in the wider economy by investing in training and development as a major company. Restructure: Tesco made a supply chain restructuring programme in Republic of Ireland in 2009 when Pound went down against Euro.(Tesco.com) Physical resource of Tesco: As a world fourth largest retailer Tesco has develop constructive Physical Resources. Building or premises: Tesco as one of the biggest supermarket in the world has 2482 stores in UK and 2328 stores in 13 international markets including EUROPE, ASIA and US. Reputation: Tesco as a Britains largest retailer supermarket has extraordinary reputation of expending its operation in the UK and international markets. Vehicle: Tesco has thousands of different types vehicles that are on the road to deliver and transport consumer goods at their doorsteps and to the stores (Tesco.com). Financial Resources: Tesco is one of the successful retail supermarket in the world have its financial resources very strong and established. The financial resources include below are Cost of training: Tesco has put its market place very strong and competitive. As a result of this Tesco spends millions of pounds for its staff training and the training for running the self service till each year nationally and internationally (Tesco.com) Redundancy cost: Redundancy on Tesco has only made on relocation purpose in February 2007 and March 2010 (Supermarket.co.uk). Relocation cost: Massive amount of relocation cost were made in March 2010 When Tesco wanted to relocate its distribution centre in Widnes from Middleton (David Morgan. (2010) Middlewich shoppers boycott stores following redundancies. Middlewich Guardian, 11th march, p. 1.). Tesco has made its resources implicated widely in the market. It has adapted the implications in strategy in order to achieve the target. [AC 6] AC 7: Develop system to involve stakeholder in the planning of change: Stakeholder analysis: Stakeholder analysis is the document information is provided for the key stakeholders Names and organisation, their role in the project, their level of interest within the company, their influence in the individual project and suggestion for managing relationship among each stakeholder (Schwalbe, 2007).Stake holder is person or group of people who have legitimate interest in the company and who have direct and indirect communication to the company. Stakeholder analysis system Tesco can apply to involve its stakeholder in order to bring the change in the service. Customer Supplier Buyer Government Media Organisation TESCO Who have external relationship with TESCO Supply who have internal relationship with Tesco Who have internal relationship with Tesco Who is externally linked with Tesco Who have external relationship with Tesco Role in the project Who buy their shopping from TESCO Supply the product in Tesco Who buy the product for Tesco Who impose the VAT, Taxes, rent and rate etc Supply the information to customer about Tesco Product. Unique fact Quite demanding for quality of product Demand for More product supply Buying product in time for Tesco Government regulation is obeyed by Tesco Quality of product available for Customer Level of Interest High level of Interest Very high level of interest Very high level of interest Low level of interest Moderate level of interest Level of influence Very high level of Influence Moderate level of influence Moderate level of influence High level of influence Low level of influence Tesco stakeholder Analysis 7.1. Divergence and Convergence: divergence and Convergence is another appropriate way of involving the stakeholder into decision in order to bring the change. Convergence is the tendency of Tesco to adopt successful change practices. Divergence is the results of different implementations of the change management practice. Divergence Factors: Leadership Styles: Identify the Leadership style is very important element of bring the change in Tesco. National culture: Cultural effect always keeps a significant impact of interest to adapt a change in Tesco. Organisational Culture: Tesco must bring the change according to the practice of its organisational culture. Industrial development: Changes always adapted in terms of industrial development. Convergence Factors: Technological Innovation: Technological Innovation is one of the important change Tesco may bring in order to change. High Customer Expectation: The potential change must be based on highly customer expectation. In terms of Structure: The change Tesco needs to adapt according to the Organisational Structure. Convergence and Divergence is two important elements of methods Tesco may apply in order to bring the change in the company. The factors that are driving convergence and divergence is way of apply the change. 7.2. Commitment Development: Commitment development is one of the best process of making stakeholder involved with Tesco. In terms of bring the change in the organisation, Tesco can be more responsible to Customer, Suppliers, Buyers, Governments roles and regulations, and be more accountable to media that what is the development they can provide for better service by bringing the change in Tesco. It can reserve the interest of individuals and supply the commitment according to the consumer needs ( Class lacture). [AC 7] AC 8: Develop a change management strategy with stakeholder: Stakeholder analysis: Stakeholders are those people who have legitimate interest in Tesco. There are six steps of analysing the stakeholder in Tesco. Those steps are Step 1.Identify stakeholders: Identifying the stakeholders is the first step of analysing the stakeholder in Tesco. The stakeholders are in Tesco is Customers, suppliers, Buyers, Employees Managers, Community, Government, and Media. Step 2.Prioritise Stakeholder: Prioritise the stakeholders in Tesco according to their attribution is very important element of bring the development in Tesco. It is an effective process of gradual involvement. Step 3.Develop an engagement strategy: One of the important element of stakeholder analysis is to develop an engagement strategy of stakeholders with Tesco. It brings the commitments and individual duties belong to individual into practice. The methods of involvement could be: Meetings, presentations, Group facilitation, Delegating, develop and share a change plan. Step 4.Map their profile: Mapping their profile according to their level of influence and Level of interest is significant element of analysing stakeholder profile. Step 5.Optimise their support: Stakeholder analysis is the effective way of involving Stakeholders into direct and indirect approach of Tesco activities. Optimising their support means, the support is provided by stakeholder is to utilise them in the best possible way. Utilise the support of stakeholders resources. Step 6.Monitor changes: Changes may come according to the demand of time. It is vital to monitor the changes may come potentially. [AC 8] AC 9.1: Evaluate the systems used to involve stakeholders in the planning of change: The involvement of stakeholder planning includes two steps include stakeholder analysis and commitment development. Evaluation the systems in the planning change: Advantages of stakeholder analysis and commitment development Disadvantages of stakeholder analysis and commitment development. Stakeholder analysis provide the information of the people who are directly and indirectly involved with Tesco. It is time consuming and lengthy process involved. It is the only way to identity the stakeholders who have high level of interest in the company. Low level of interest can bring less revenue in the organisation by the stakeholder By stakeholder analysis Tesco can know who are the people have high influence in order to bring the change Low level of influence and the disagreement of development can bring down the company motive intention for change. Stakeholder analysis and commitment development can give us the information of individual responsibility belongs to individual. It is time consuming and cost effective. Stakeholder analysis and commitment development can provide the information of identifying individual demand within the organisation. Individuals demand can be sometimes outrageous in order to bring the change. Evaluating the system of stakeholder planning can provide the idea of the effectiveness in terms of bringing the change. Advantage of and the disadvantage of the stakeholder analysis and commitment can give us information of how productive they could be in order to bring the change in self service till. 9.2. Evaluate the systems used involve the Stakeholders in the planning of change: Involvement of stakeholders planning includes Divergence and Convergence. Advantages Disadvantages Divergence and convergence may bring Structural, Technological, and operational change. Changes are always variable. Divergence and Convergence may the innovation in the organisation. Innovation may be very costly. Individual leadership style can be applied in different situation in order to bring the success in the organisation. Bad practice of leadership can be destructive for company. Organisational and national culture can be developed by adapting Divergence and Convergence on perspective of change. It may put the negative aspect on the culture. Evaluating the change of Stakeholder involvement can give a positive impact of applying the change in the company in order to adapt a change. Organisational structure and culture can be developed on the demand of situation in the case of being competitive in the market. [AC 9] AC 10: Creating a strategy for managing resistance to change: Resistance of change is the people in Tesco who dont want to bring the change in self service till. The type of resistance can be individual versus collective, passive versus active, direct or indirect, behavioural or verbal or attitudinal and can be minor or major. In order to frozen the resistance situation Tesco has identified the appropriate measure of managing a process. The process of managing the resistance is Participation and involvement: participation and the involvement of key stakeholder is one of the important process of solving the resistance. It plays the vital role of individual involvement and find out the proper solution. Everyone participation can bring the effectiveness of solving resistance. Education and communication: Education and communication process can be applied when the major stakeholder are not aware of the benefit of using self service till. The process of making individual educated and communicative can bring stakeholder co operation of productivity positively. Negotiation and compromise: Negotiation and compromise may arise when there is division within the group resistance. It is one of the possible way of solving the problem. It can resist the problem and work the group within a team. Implicit or explicit force: Solving the resistance is can be applied through implicitly and explicitly when the resistance need to be done quickly in order to bring the change. It is one of the over hasty process of bringing the change when its crucial to do. Facilitate influence: Supplying or facilitate the influence of authority can bring the change when there is need to sense the appropriate target. It becomes essential to make the key stakeholder to understand the value of change. Resistance of change can be arrived any time when the certain change need to be done. The strategy of managing the resistance is the major elements of bringing the intended change. [AC 10] AC 11: Develop the appropriate models for change: Kotters 8 steps change model: Step one: Create urgency For change to happen, it helps if the whole company really wants it. Develop a sense of urgency around the need for change. This may help me spark the initial motivation to get things moving. What to do: Identify the potential change and develop the scenarios showing that what could be happened in the future if the changes not taken Examine the opportunities that could be benefited in the long run. Discuss the change constructive way and give people dynamic reason to make them talking and thinking. Step two: Form a Powerful Coalition Convince people that change is necessary. This often takes strong leadership and visible support from key people within your organization. Managing change isnt enough I have to lead it. What to do: Identify the true leader who can bring the change in Tesco. Make them as a team within the change coalition. Ask the commitment to the people who will bring the change. Step three: Create a vision for change When I first start thinking about change, there will probably be many great ideas and solutions floating around. Link these concepts to an overall vision that people can grasp easily and remember. What to do: Determine the value of the change has central priority. Develop a short summery that will carry the vision to future of the organization. Carry out the good practice of the vision among the coalition. Step four: Communicate the vision What I do with my vision after I create it will determine My success. My message will probably have strong competition from other day-to-day communications within the company, so I need to communicate it frequently and powerfully, and embed it within everything that I do. What to do: Bring the discussion often about the change vision. Openly and honestly address what people think about the change. Lead the change by example. Step five: Remove obstacles If I follow these steps and reach this point in the change process, Ive been talking about your vision and building buy-in from all levels of the organization. Hopefully, my staff wants to get busy and achieve the benefits that Ive been promoting. What to do: Identify the leaders whose mail roles are to deliver the changes. Set up the organizational structure, job description and performance that can meet the identified change. Recognize and reward people for making the change. Step six: Create short term wins Nothing motivates more than success. Give my company a taste of victory early in the change process. Within a short time frame (this could be a month or a year, depending on the type of change), Ill want to have results that my staff can see. Without this, critics and negative thinkers might hurt my progress. What to do: Not to choose early target that are expensive and may not change happened. Make sure that the change can take place without help from any strong critics of the change. Step seven: Build on the change Kotter argues that many change projects fail because victory is declared too early. Real change runs deep. Quick wins are only the beginning of what needs to be done to achieve long-term change. What to do: Analyse what went right and what need to improve after making the change. Set up a goal to continue building the time that has achieved the change. Keep the idea alive and bring the new change leader from the change coalition. Step eight: Anchor the Changes in Corporate Culture Finally, to make any change stick, it should become part of the core of your organization. My corporate culture often determines what gets done, so the values behind your vision must show in day-to-day work. What to do: Discuss the change progress to the coalition in every chance and tell the success story about the change process. Include the values and the change ideas when hiring and training the new staff. Recognize the key members publicly of the change coalition and make sure that rest of the staff new and old remember their contribution. Create plans to replace the key leader of change as they move on to ensure their legacy is not lost or forgotten. Changes may take place at any time in any situation. The difficulties of the change are depending on the size and the length of the problem. Change is potential and vital, referring the unidentified and uncertain changes and take into action is compulsory in terms of change. Kotters eight steps model can help Tesco to identify the necessary change and make the change happen by adapting what action need to be taken. AC12. Plan to implement a model for change: Plan to implement a model for change is important in order to change. The models we can apply to make the change is depend the problem and identification of the change which may come in Tesco. A model of change is discussed below. Transformational Leadership: A contingency process of Transformational leader is who those encourage and simulate both does for the followers to achieve outstanding outcome and in the process of developing their own leadership Strategy according to the capacity. The followers get driven by the transformational leader in order to grow up and develop into the leadership strategy by responding to the individual leader and the Transformational leader provide empowerment and align the objectives and goals of the individual followers, the group, the leader and the organisation. To demonstrate the Transformational leader that could be a leadership strategy what drive the followers to succeed the expected performance (Bass, 1985, 1998). The accumulation of Transformational leadership has demonstrated that it is very important in every sector in every level (Avolio Yammarino, 2002). Transformational leadership is a very constructive process of making the job done. A leadership must be based to bring the change into action and implement it for the purpose of expected change. Transformational Leadership is perspective and constructive way of leadership which Tesco can apply in the leadership strategy in terms of brings the change. AC 13 Develop appropriate measures to monitor the progress: It is very important to monitor the progress after the changes has taken place. Monitor the progress is to identify how the changes taking place. There is various way of monitoring the progress which has been discussed below. Goal based Evaluation: In order to bring the change in set up a goal based on evaluation in Tesco. Goal base evaluation is a conducive way of monitor the progress when the changes are taking place. Outcome based evaluation: when the changes are taking place check out the outcome of the progress is very important way of implementing the change. Regular reports: Set up a monitoring team those will submit the report on regular based to identify whether the changes are taking place or not. Meetings: The meetings may take place on regular based between the coalition teams

Environmental Economic Impact of Pollution in the Chesapeake Bay Essay

The Chesapeake Bay is the nation’s largest estuary with six major tributaries, the James, the Potomac, the Susquehanna, the Patuxent, the York, and the Rappahannock Rivers, feeding into the bay from various locations in Maryland, Virginia, Pennsylvania, and the District of Columbia (Chemical Contaminants in the Chesapeake Bay – Workshop Discussion 1). These areas depend on the Bay as both an environmental and an economic resource. Throughout the last 15 years the Chesapeake Bay has suffered from elevated levels of pollution. Nitrogen and phosphorous from wastewater treatment plants, farmland, air pollution, and development all lead to reduced water clarity and lowered oxygen levels, which harm fish, crabs, oysters and underwater grasses (Key Commission Issues 1). There are other types of pollution in the bay such as toxic chemicals, but because nutrient pollution is the most significant and most widespread in the Bay its effects are the most harmful to fisheries. Ni trogen and phosphorous fuel algal blooms which cloud the water and block sunlight from reaching underwater grass beds that provide food and habitat for waterfowl, juvenile fish, blue crabs, and other species (Blankenship 11-12). Algae plays a vital role in the food chain by providing food for small fish and oysters. However, when there is an overabundance of algae it dies, sinks to the bottom of the Bay, and decomposes in such a manner that depletes the oxygen levels of the Bay (11). The reduced oxygen levels in the Bay reduce the carrying capacity of the environment and these â€Å"dead areas† sometimes kill off species that can not migrate to other areas of the Bay, such as oysters (11). Increased abundance of algal blooms also led to the overabundance of harmful and toxic algae species and microbes such as the microbe Pfiesteria, which was responsible in 1997 for eating fish alive and making dozens of people sick (12). The heightened awareness of diseases that can be cont racted through consumption of contaminated fish also has an economic impact. Therefore, the excess levels of nitrogen and phosphorous have fueled an overabundance of algal blooms, which has reduced water clarity and lowered oxygen levels, affecting many species within the bay and ultimately the industries that rely on these species. The signing of the 1987 Chesapeake Bay Agreement marked the first joint vent... ...able: http://www.virginia-beach.va.us/cityhall/planning/cbay.html (4 Nov. 1999). â€Å"Fish Health in the Chesapeake Bay: †¦Estimate of Seafood History Losses.† Available: http://www.mdsg.umd.edu/fish-health/pfiesteria/pfeconomics/sld005.html. (22 Nov. 1999). Glibert, Patricia M. and Daniel E. Terlizzi. â€Å"Nutrients, Phytoplankton, and Pfiesteria In the Chesapeake Bay.† Available: http://www.arec.umd.edu/policy/Pfiesteria/terlizzi/terlizzi.htm (22 Nov. 1999). â€Å"Impacts of Diseases and †¦ase Resistant Oysters† Available: http://biology.uroregon.edu/classes/bi130/webprojects/15/oyster.html (22 Nov. 1999). â€Å"Key Commission Issues† Available: http://www2.ari.net/cbc/old/cbc_issu.htm (4 Nov. 1999). Lipske, Michael. â€Å"Getting to Know You† National Wildlife, v33. (1995): 24-29. Parker, Doug. â€Å"The Economic Costs of Implementing the Maryland Water Quality Improvement Act of 1998.† Available: http://www.arec.umd.edu/policy/Pfiesteria/parker/parkertext.html (22 Nov. 1999). Santopierro, George D., and Leonard Shabman. â€Å"Can Privatization Be Inefficient?: The Case of the Chesapeake Bay Oyster Fishery.† Journal of Economic Issues, v26 n2 (June 1992): 407-415.

Emergency preparedness and Vulnerability assessment Essay

Emergency preparedness and Vulnerability assessment Introduction            The residents were given warning in advance that would have enabled to evacuate from the path of the storm in advance. The national hurricane centre and the mayor of the New Orleans had communicated about the evacuation of the people in the city more than 24 hours ahead. This meant that the people would be able to clear the way by the end of 24 hours and not many that would be affected as experienced. The warnings were not too rate since the Orleans exit can be able to handle 2/3rds of the population within every 12 hours and therefore, all the people would have managed to leave before Monday when the storm reached the place. Although the residents were used to weathering storms in the past, the mayor and the hurricane centre had already warned that the storm was different from what they experienced and was travelling at a high speed of more than 170 miles per hour and of the category of 5 storms (Fradin, & Fradin, 2010). Despite the people’s willingness to evacuate from the city, there were some people that were careless and they thought that it was just the same storm causing them to succumb to waters. However, more than 80% were able to escape while 20% were still in the city since they lacked the means to leave the place due to lack of money for gas and transport (Clark Hakim & Ostfeld, 2011). New York: Springer.). Moreover, the authorities failed as they delayed their evacuation process until when the storm had already hit the New Orleans. The attitude from the responsible authorities such as soldiers and other rescue people led increased damages losses, and death of people as they delayed evacuation and rescue process until Tuesday when many people were already affected. If the people had an attitude that the storm would not be the same, all the measures would have between taken to ensures that all the people were evacuated from the city. Moreover, the New Orleans would have made initiatives to clear the city in advance. Therefor e, an attitude that the storm would be the same led to a number of people remaining in the city resulting to mass deaths and damages of properties. Hence, people’s attitude contributed greatly to the intensity of disaster that caused more than 1,800 deaths and many other missing.            Is the threat of a radiological â€Å"dirty bomb† large enough for the United States to need to train extensively for such an event? How can first responders train for such an event? How would the training be different in regards to whether the event was a terrorist attack or whether it was an accident or would the training be the same?            The threat of radiological ‘dirty bomb’ is large and US is required to provide extensive training to its emergency and other disaster rescue team to ensure that any event that may happen will be fully addressed. This is because a radiological bomb can cause enormous harm to people in the scene and those living to the environs of the events (Bennett, 2007). Training would ensure that the victims are carefully handled t avoid spreading of the radioactive materials to other places as it may affect other people. Moreover, detonation and decontamination process require skilled people to prevent them from contacting the radio actives. The training for the first responder should entail decontamination and detonation of the victims to ensure that the radioactive material is not transferred from scene of the event. First responders should also be trained how to secure and label the scenes to prevent further contaminations of other people.            Training for various emergency responders should be different based on the type of the event whether terrorism of accidental spilling of radioactive materials. More advance training should be carried out responders of terrorists’ attacks. This is because terrorists’ attacks may have modified radioactive materials to enhance quick spread of the material, which may cause mass damage. Moreover, different radioactive materials may be used and thus improved training is important to address all the issues that may result. However, accidental leakage of radioactive material can be handled easily since the radioactive material is also known. Moreover, only a definite location can be affected, which would be much easier to deal with the attack.            How can we prevent terrorists from acquiring radiological material within the United States? How can we prevent terrorist from bringing radiological material into the United States? Are our current safeguards adequate enough?            United States can prevent terrorists from acquiring radiological material through enacting laws through congress. The laws will prohibit any possession of radiological materials and put punitive measures for those found in possession. Moreover, the laws should also prohibit people working on radiological areas from handling the materials inside the premise. In addition, the laws should prohibit any transportation of such materials without licence or permit. Moreover, the congress can enact acts that put in place a special committee in charge of all radiological materials and regulation to prevent general public from acquiring them. In addition, any accidental scene that may expose radiological materials can be guarded to prevent terrorists from accessing radiological materials.            All importation and entry of materials from other countries should be screened from radiological materials to prevent terrorists from transporting materials to the country. The united states have various regulatory bodies such as nuclear regulatory commission, (NRC) and environmental protection agency, (EPA) that are mandated with regulation of radiological materials (Kapur & Smith, 2011). However, the current safety of United States on radiological materials is not adequate because federal government only exercises regulation of radiological materials to only countries that they do not have trade agreement. This poses a risk of importation of radiological materials from the countries on agreement thus resulting to access of the materials by terrorists that may harm the citizens.            Moreover, the transportation of radioactive wastes from hospitals and other area to disposal areas is not secure, which poses the risk of terrorists acquiring the materials during transit.            How could first responders even know that an explosion was associated with a radiological attack? Once first responders know that an incident involves radiological material, are there any sorts of special equipment or personal protective gear that they would need to wear into the affected site            The first responders can identify an explosion through devices such as Geiger counters, which are detect the dose rate of an attack in addition to other equipments that can measure the intensity and harm of the material (Issues in critical and emergency medicine, 2012). The equipments will help the first responders to identify the form, attack so that he or she may be able to take the appropriate measures to safeguard his health and life and that of other people. Moreover, in case of accidental spill-out, the first responders should investigate the cause of the accident before starting the rescue process so as to identify the cause. Most likely hood is that, an explosion in a radioactive company or hospital that are major sources of radioactive materials may have high probability of radioactive materials compared to those that may happen in other areas. Therefore, it is important to identify the area where the explosion has happened as a way of identifying the type of explosion. Since radioactive materials spread very easily in the environment, it is important that first responder should wear protective equipments such as respiratory protection from radiological hazards to prevent any inhalations and standard protective clothes that prevents one from direct contact with radiological materials. This will ensure that first responders are safe from radioactive materials and are able to use the right measures to attend the victims.            How would first responders decontaminate suspected contaminated individuals leaving the area? Could this slow emergency medical response or the transport of the injured to neighbouring hospitals.            The first responder should ensure victims remove all their clothes and leave them in the scene of a decontamination centre that may be established at close to the scene of hazard. Victims should flush their eyes with plenty of water and other body parts are decontaminated before leaving the scenes. Moreover, the contaminated individuals should be screened for any radiological material before leaving the scene to prevent further contamination to other areas. People who are not contaminated should be separated from those who are contaminated although through a screening confirmation. The process will prevent further spread of the radiological materials to other people thus reducing the effects of the occurrence. The process can slow emergency response and transport of the victims for medical services and emergency services should be referred to medical facilities without decontamination although handled with care to prevent further effects in case of inhalations. Thi s is because, the processes of decontamination involve phases and in cases of mass victims, attending individual victims could delay the process as steps have to be followed. Therefore, although the process of decontamination should be the first step for emergency responders, it may not be good for ambulatory victims.            What would be some of the long-term consequences of a huge radiological incident such as a radiological â€Å"dirty bomb† attack or nuclear power plant meltdown? Would there likely be lingering health problems with the victims of such an incident? How could the affected areas be recovered and brought back to normal? Provide a 1/2 to 1 page, single spaced response.            Huge radiological incidents may affect the scenes in that the place may be alienated and people may be displaced or economic productivity of the place lost. The huge radiological attacks are associated with many health problems (Kapur & Smith, 2011). The inhalations of radio-active materials can result in respiratory health problems that may affects lungs. Moreover, it can result in lungs cancer. Gamma contacts on skin may result in skin cancer to the victims. In addition, radioactive contact has been associated with increased levels of infertility in both men and women in long term. Defectives births can also be experienced by these victims to exposure of embryo or foetus to radiological materials during an attack. Other health problems that may arise due to radiological attacks include cataracts, skin deformities, and may also cause early deaths. One of the major complications with huge radiological attack as the one experienced in Chernobyl nuclear plant in1986 with fire-fighters was an acute radiation syndrome, (ARS). The syndrome was characterised by nausea, diarrhoea, and vomiting in addition to weight loss, infections, depletion of bone marrow, and bleeding (Kapur & Smith, 2011).            The affected area could be recovered through decontamination process that may involve collecting of all the materials in the scenes either decontaminated on the scene or transported to a more secure place where they may be decontaminated. In addition, the place itself may be decontaminated through the use of commercial decontaminants such as Alcon ox or Sparkleen. Screening can then be done to ensure that the area is free from radiological materials before people can resume their duties in the place. After, the area is free from all radiological materials, people can resume their work or if it was a residential area, people can start a fresh without any risk. References Bennett, B. T. (2007). Understanding, assessing, and responding to terrorism: Protecting critical infrastructure and personnel. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley-Interscience. Clark, R. M., Hakim, S., & Ostfeld, A. (2011). Handbook of water and wastewater systems protection. New York: Springer. Ensor, M. O. (2009). The legacy of Hurricane Mitch: Lessons from post-disaster reconstruction in Honduras. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. Fradin, J. B., & Fradin, D. B. (2010). Hurricane Katrina. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark. 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